References to "corn" in translations of the Jiuzhang Suanshu
One passage from "Nine chapters on the mathematical art" dealing with solving simultaneous linear equations is sometimes translated as follows: "There are three classes of corn, of which three bundles of the first class, two of the second and one of the third make 39 measures. [etc.]" But corn (as the term is used nowadays) is a New World crop, so what would be a better translation? ("Grain" seems safe, but perhaps something more specific was intended.)
Merriam-Webster:
corn
3. British : the grain of a cereal grass that is the primary crop of a region (such as wheat in Britain and oats in Scotland and Ireland)
Full disclosure I do not speak any Chinese of any variety. I am fully reliant on the sources.
The following sources contains translations of the passage:
Put down 3 bundles of top grade cereal, 2 bundles of medium grade
cereal, 1 bundle of low grade cereal and 39 dou as shi in a column
on the right.
Top-grade ears of rice three bundles, medium grade ears of rice two
bundles, low-grade ears of rice one bundle, makes 39 dou.
Suppose we have 3 bundles of high-quality cereals, 2 bundles of
medium-quality cereals and one box of poor-quality cereals, amounting
to 39 dou of grain;
From the German literature:
Aus 3 Garben einer guten Ernte, 2 Garben einer mittelmäÃigen Ernte
1 Garbe einer schlechten Ernte
den Ertrag von 39
Tou.
"Ernte" simply means harvest, hence Vogel avoids the crop type completely.
I have as yet to identify a source for the "corn" variant of the translation though it is used on MacTutor without precise citation to a translation.
P.S. See Gerald Edgar's answer for a plausible explanation of the meaning of corn. This further suggests that the given translation might be of British English origins.
The original seems to be ä»æä¸ç¦¾ä¸ç§ï¼ä¸ç¦¾äºç§ï¼ä¸ç¦¾ä¸ç§ï¼å¯¦ä¸åä¹æ (from here).
The character that got translated to "corn" is 禾. My dictionary (pleco) translates this character to "grain seeding (esp. rice)". I believe they really meant to write "seedling" instead of "seeding".